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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Nationalization
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1992-09-01
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Policy of bringing a country's essential
services and industries under public
ownership. It was pursued, for example, by
the UK Labour government 1945-51. In recent
years the trend towards nationalization has
slowed and in many countries (the UK, France,
and Japan) reversed (privatization). Assets
in the hands of foreign governments or
companies may also be nationalized; for
example, Iran's oil industry (see Abadan),
the Suez Canal, and US-owned fruit
plantations in Guatemala, all in the 1950s.
In the UK, acts were passed nationalizing the
Bank of England, coal, and most hospitals in
1946; transport and electricity in 1947; gas
in 1948; and iron and steel in 1949. In 1953
the succeeding Conservative government
provided for the return of road haulage to
private enterprise and for decentralization
of the railways. It also denationalized iron
and steel in 1953, but these were
renationalized by the next Labour government
in 1967. In 1977 Callaghan's Labour
government nationalized the aircraft and
shipbuilding industries.